Drug test, Urine Drug Test, Saliva Drug Test, Methods, and Devices
Drug test methods are grouped into screening test and confirmation test.
Drug test methods are high tech methods for detecting minute amount of drugs in human body or in the environment by testing a small sample, such as urine, blood, saliva, hair, dust, water, or air. Drug screen test methods screen urine or saliva samples for a preliminary test result. Screening drug test methods are usually immunoassay methods, enzyme immunoassay method or chromatographic immunoassay /lateral flow immunoassay method are among the most popular drug screen immunoassay methods.
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Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent Assay is
a category of laboratory drug
screening test methods. The assay is
based on the basic principle of
immunoassays, antibody and antigen
binding reaction. The tracer or
label of the antibody is an enzyme
capable of catalyzing a colorimetric
substrate reaction. The latter
results in a detectable color signal
which indicates the presence or
quantity of the drugs in the urine
specimen.
ELISA methods are suited for large quality sample testing and automation. It is instrument dependent and is currently limited to laboratory use only.
- EMIT
EMIT is a method derived from ELISA method. Unlike regular ELISA, a heterogeneous assay system that has one binding reagent immobilized in a reaction well and an enzyme labeled reagent in the liquid phase, EMIT is a homogeneous reaction system.
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Rapid/Lateral Flow Tests, which
are made into different formats
Rapid test products make most of point-of-collection (POC) test products. These tests are based on a simple membrane strip. The test procedure is simple and the visual readable test result is attained in less than 15 minutes. Rapid tests are suited for on-site testing.
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